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1 coal transport
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > coal transport
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2 coal transport
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3 coal transport (CT)
Макаров: транспорт угля -
4 coal transport
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5 pulverized-coal transport air
воздух для транспортировки угольной пыли на ТЭС
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[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > pulverized-coal transport air
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6 coal-dust transport air
воздух для транспортировки угольной пыли на ТЭС
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[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > coal-dust transport air
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7 coal pipeline transport rate
пропускная способность углепровода
В основном определяется его диаметром, скоростью пульпы и содержанием в ней угля
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > coal pipeline transport rate
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8 transport theory
trickle-down theory — теория «просачивания благ сверху вниз»
[lang name="English"]the theory prevails that … — существует теория о том, что …
informal theory — содержательная теория; неформальная теория
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > transport theory
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9 integrated coal-slurry transport
MINING TERMS ТНТ №119 -
10 integrated coal-slurry transport
English-Russian mining dictionary > integrated coal-slurry transport
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11 CT
1) Общая лексика: КТ (компьютерная томография), компьютерная томография2) Компьютерная техника: Color Touchscreen, Comfort Technology, Convergence Technology3) Авиация: catering truck, control thermostat4) Медицина: Cut Through, connective tissue, соединительная ткань, computed tomography (компьютерная томография)5) Ботаника: Coral Tree6) Военный термин: Calendar Time, Certification Testing, Chief of Transportation, Combating Terrorism, Combined Testing, Command Table, Comparison Test, Composite Technology, Computer Terminal, Confederation Test, Contractor Testing, Counterterrorism, Cryptologic Technician, Cypher Text, Training Cruiser, case, telescoped, code telegram, combat team, combined trials, communications terminal, communications trench, components test, confirmatory test, controlled target, corps troops, correct time, country team, crawler-transporter, crosstrail7) Психиатрия: conduction time8) Техника: Carved Top, Cassegrain telescope, Continuous Texture, Cut Tape, cable tank, cable test, carrier telephone channel, carrier telephony, cipher telegraph, coastal telegraph station, cold trap, collimating telescope, combined acceptance trials, command transmitter, communications technician, compact tension, compact transducer, control transmitter, correlation tracker, crosstalk, компактный датчик, Compressor train, cycle time9) Шутливое выражение: Cazic Thule, Clunky Turds, Cohomologically Trivial, Computer Turtle, Cru Thik10) Математика: Carter Turner11) Религия: Classical Theism12) Железнодорожный термин: City of Columbia - Columbia Terminal13) Юридический термин: Conniving Thief, Conspiracy Theory, Cut Throat, conventional tariff, Конституционный трибунал ( в польше) - от Commercial Tribunal14) Экономика: credit15) Бухгалтерия: Computerized Topography, Converted Transaction, corporation tax16) Страхование: Coasting trade, Container terminal17) Автомобильный термин: (cushion tire) Шина с обрезиненным ободом18) Ветеринария: Claws And Teeth, Crooked Tail19) Грубое выражение: Cock Teasers, Cock Tickler, Cock Time, Cute Tush20) География: штат Коннектикут, США (Connecticut)21) Металлургия: Cooling Tower22) Оптика: center thickness, chemical transfer, computed tomography23) Политика: Central African Republic24) Телекоммуникации: Channel Termination, Computer Telephony, Computerized Tomography25) Сокращение: Camera Thermique (Thermal camera (France)), Case-Telescoped, Conformance Test, Connecticut (US state), Cordless Telephone, Counter-Terrorism, Court (Street Suffix), Current Time, ceramic file, Central Time (GMT - 0600), centre tap, cerebral tumour, continuous tone, coronary thrombolysis, coronary thrombosis, current transformer, Cerca Trova (Latin for 'Seek and you shall find'), трансформатор тока (current transformer)26) Университет: Course Tools, Curriculum Technology27) Физика: Conductivity Temperature, Continuous Time28) Физиология: Carpal tunnel, Cerebral Thrombosis, Cervical Traction, Cervical- Thoracic, Conventional Therapy, Computed Tomography (CAT scan)29) Электроника: Center Tapped, Chrono Trigger, Control Transformer30) Вычислительная техника: Central Time, cassette tape, кассетная магнитная лента, Chips & Technologies (Hersteller)31) Нефть: cable tools, инструмент для ударно-канатного бурения (cable tools)32) Иммунология: Computerised Tomography, chemotaxin33) Биохимия: Colloidal Thorium34) Онкология: Chemotherapy35) Фирменный знак: CTS Knights, Canadian Tire, Central Tractor, Convergent Technologies36) Холодильная техника: condensing temperature37) Энергетика: трансформатор тока38) СМИ: Color Television39) Деловая лексика: Competitors Technology, Complimentary Team, Contract Terms, Copied Technology, условия картельного соглашения судовладельцев (conference terms)40) Бурение: ГНКТ, гибкие НКТ, длинномерные трубы, БДТ, безмуфтовые длинномерные трубы, колтюбинг41) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: coiled tubing42) Образование: Civics Tutorial, Collective Toddlers, Critical Thinking43) Сетевые технологии: conformance testing44) Полимеры: cooling transformation45) Программирование: Carry Through46) Автоматика: computer tomography47) Полупроводники: conductive-transparent48) Сахалин Р: Coil Tubing49) Океанография: Cold Tongue50) Макаров: cellulose triacetate, coal transport, continuous thread51) Безопасность: Cipher Text52) Расширение файла: Iris CT format 32bit Bitmap graphics53) Измерительные приборы: токовые клещи54) SAP.тех. таблица курсоров55) Карачаганак: (coil tubing) КГТ (колонная гибких труб) (Карачаганак, Rigless & WireLine)56) Маркетология: Consumer Technology57) Электротехника: center tap, charge transfer, clearance time58) Имена и фамилии: Charles Tyrwhitt59) Hi-Fi. Clock Time60) Должность: Computer Technology, Counter Terrorist61) Чат: Cool Topics62) NYSE. Capital Trust, Inc., of Maryland63) НАСА: Control Tower64) Международная торговля: Countertrade65) Базы данных: Class Type66) Международные перевозки: combined transport -
12 Ct
1) Общая лексика: КТ (компьютерная томография), компьютерная томография2) Компьютерная техника: Color Touchscreen, Comfort Technology, Convergence Technology3) Авиация: catering truck, control thermostat4) Медицина: Cut Through, connective tissue, соединительная ткань, computed tomography (компьютерная томография)5) Ботаника: Coral Tree6) Военный термин: Calendar Time, Certification Testing, Chief of Transportation, Combating Terrorism, Combined Testing, Command Table, Comparison Test, Composite Technology, Computer Terminal, Confederation Test, Contractor Testing, Counterterrorism, Cryptologic Technician, Cypher Text, Training Cruiser, case, telescoped, code telegram, combat team, combined trials, communications terminal, communications trench, components test, confirmatory test, controlled target, corps troops, correct time, country team, crawler-transporter, crosstrail7) Психиатрия: conduction time8) Техника: Carved Top, Cassegrain telescope, Continuous Texture, Cut Tape, cable tank, cable test, carrier telephone channel, carrier telephony, cipher telegraph, coastal telegraph station, cold trap, collimating telescope, combined acceptance trials, command transmitter, communications technician, compact tension, compact transducer, control transmitter, correlation tracker, crosstalk, компактный датчик, Compressor train, cycle time9) Шутливое выражение: Cazic Thule, Clunky Turds, Cohomologically Trivial, Computer Turtle, Cru Thik10) Математика: Carter Turner11) Религия: Classical Theism12) Железнодорожный термин: City of Columbia - Columbia Terminal13) Юридический термин: Conniving Thief, Conspiracy Theory, Cut Throat, conventional tariff, Конституционный трибунал ( в польше) - от Commercial Tribunal14) Экономика: credit15) Бухгалтерия: Computerized Topography, Converted Transaction, corporation tax16) Страхование: Coasting trade, Container terminal17) Автомобильный термин: (cushion tire) Шина с обрезиненным ободом18) Ветеринария: Claws And Teeth, Crooked Tail19) Грубое выражение: Cock Teasers, Cock Tickler, Cock Time, Cute Tush20) География: штат Коннектикут, США (Connecticut)21) Металлургия: Cooling Tower22) Оптика: center thickness, chemical transfer, computed tomography23) Политика: Central African Republic24) Телекоммуникации: Channel Termination, Computer Telephony, Computerized Tomography25) Сокращение: Camera Thermique (Thermal camera (France)), Case-Telescoped, Conformance Test, Connecticut (US state), Cordless Telephone, Counter-Terrorism, Court (Street Suffix), Current Time, ceramic file, Central Time (GMT - 0600), centre tap, cerebral tumour, continuous tone, coronary thrombolysis, coronary thrombosis, current transformer, Cerca Trova (Latin for 'Seek and you shall find'), трансформатор тока (current transformer)26) Университет: Course Tools, Curriculum Technology27) Физика: Conductivity Temperature, Continuous Time28) Физиология: Carpal tunnel, Cerebral Thrombosis, Cervical Traction, Cervical- Thoracic, Conventional Therapy, Computed Tomography (CAT scan)29) Электроника: Center Tapped, Chrono Trigger, Control Transformer30) Вычислительная техника: Central Time, cassette tape, кассетная магнитная лента, Chips & Technologies (Hersteller)31) Нефть: cable tools, инструмент для ударно-канатного бурения (cable tools)32) Иммунология: Computerised Tomography, chemotaxin33) Биохимия: Colloidal Thorium34) Онкология: Chemotherapy35) Фирменный знак: CTS Knights, Canadian Tire, Central Tractor, Convergent Technologies36) Холодильная техника: condensing temperature37) Энергетика: трансформатор тока38) СМИ: Color Television39) Деловая лексика: Competitors Technology, Complimentary Team, Contract Terms, Copied Technology, условия картельного соглашения судовладельцев (conference terms)40) Бурение: ГНКТ, гибкие НКТ, длинномерные трубы, БДТ, безмуфтовые длинномерные трубы, колтюбинг41) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: coiled tubing42) Образование: Civics Tutorial, Collective Toddlers, Critical Thinking43) Сетевые технологии: conformance testing44) Полимеры: cooling transformation45) Программирование: Carry Through46) Автоматика: computer tomography47) Полупроводники: conductive-transparent48) Сахалин Р: Coil Tubing49) Океанография: Cold Tongue50) Макаров: cellulose triacetate, coal transport, continuous thread51) Безопасность: Cipher Text52) Расширение файла: Iris CT format 32bit Bitmap graphics53) Измерительные приборы: токовые клещи54) SAP.тех. таблица курсоров55) Карачаганак: (coil tubing) КГТ (колонная гибких труб) (Карачаганак, Rigless & WireLine)56) Маркетология: Consumer Technology57) Электротехника: center tap, charge transfer, clearance time58) Имена и фамилии: Charles Tyrwhitt59) Hi-Fi. Clock Time60) Должность: Computer Technology, Counter Terrorist61) Чат: Cool Topics62) NYSE. Capital Trust, Inc., of Maryland63) НАСА: Control Tower64) Международная торговля: Countertrade65) Базы данных: Class Type66) Международные перевозки: combined transport -
13 ct
1) Общая лексика: КТ (компьютерная томография), компьютерная томография2) Компьютерная техника: Color Touchscreen, Comfort Technology, Convergence Technology3) Авиация: catering truck, control thermostat4) Медицина: Cut Through, connective tissue, соединительная ткань, computed tomography (компьютерная томография)5) Ботаника: Coral Tree6) Военный термин: Calendar Time, Certification Testing, Chief of Transportation, Combating Terrorism, Combined Testing, Command Table, Comparison Test, Composite Technology, Computer Terminal, Confederation Test, Contractor Testing, Counterterrorism, Cryptologic Technician, Cypher Text, Training Cruiser, case, telescoped, code telegram, combat team, combined trials, communications terminal, communications trench, components test, confirmatory test, controlled target, corps troops, correct time, country team, crawler-transporter, crosstrail7) Психиатрия: conduction time8) Техника: Carved Top, Cassegrain telescope, Continuous Texture, Cut Tape, cable tank, cable test, carrier telephone channel, carrier telephony, cipher telegraph, coastal telegraph station, cold trap, collimating telescope, combined acceptance trials, command transmitter, communications technician, compact tension, compact transducer, control transmitter, correlation tracker, crosstalk, компактный датчик, Compressor train, cycle time9) Шутливое выражение: Cazic Thule, Clunky Turds, Cohomologically Trivial, Computer Turtle, Cru Thik10) Математика: Carter Turner11) Религия: Classical Theism12) Железнодорожный термин: City of Columbia - Columbia Terminal13) Юридический термин: Conniving Thief, Conspiracy Theory, Cut Throat, conventional tariff, Конституционный трибунал ( в польше) - от Commercial Tribunal14) Экономика: credit15) Бухгалтерия: Computerized Topography, Converted Transaction, corporation tax16) Страхование: Coasting trade, Container terminal17) Автомобильный термин: (cushion tire) Шина с обрезиненным ободом18) Ветеринария: Claws And Teeth, Crooked Tail19) Грубое выражение: Cock Teasers, Cock Tickler, Cock Time, Cute Tush20) География: штат Коннектикут, США (Connecticut)21) Металлургия: Cooling Tower22) Оптика: center thickness, chemical transfer, computed tomography23) Политика: Central African Republic24) Телекоммуникации: Channel Termination, Computer Telephony, Computerized Tomography25) Сокращение: Camera Thermique (Thermal camera (France)), Case-Telescoped, Conformance Test, Connecticut (US state), Cordless Telephone, Counter-Terrorism, Court (Street Suffix), Current Time, ceramic file, Central Time (GMT - 0600), centre tap, cerebral tumour, continuous tone, coronary thrombolysis, coronary thrombosis, current transformer, Cerca Trova (Latin for 'Seek and you shall find'), трансформатор тока (current transformer)26) Университет: Course Tools, Curriculum Technology27) Физика: Conductivity Temperature, Continuous Time28) Физиология: Carpal tunnel, Cerebral Thrombosis, Cervical Traction, Cervical- Thoracic, Conventional Therapy, Computed Tomography (CAT scan)29) Электроника: Center Tapped, Chrono Trigger, Control Transformer30) Вычислительная техника: Central Time, cassette tape, кассетная магнитная лента, Chips & Technologies (Hersteller)31) Нефть: cable tools, инструмент для ударно-канатного бурения (cable tools)32) Иммунология: Computerised Tomography, chemotaxin33) Биохимия: Colloidal Thorium34) Онкология: Chemotherapy35) Фирменный знак: CTS Knights, Canadian Tire, Central Tractor, Convergent Technologies36) Холодильная техника: condensing temperature37) Энергетика: трансформатор тока38) СМИ: Color Television39) Деловая лексика: Competitors Technology, Complimentary Team, Contract Terms, Copied Technology, условия картельного соглашения судовладельцев (conference terms)40) Бурение: ГНКТ, гибкие НКТ, длинномерные трубы, БДТ, безмуфтовые длинномерные трубы, колтюбинг41) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: coiled tubing42) Образование: Civics Tutorial, Collective Toddlers, Critical Thinking43) Сетевые технологии: conformance testing44) Полимеры: cooling transformation45) Программирование: Carry Through46) Автоматика: computer tomography47) Полупроводники: conductive-transparent48) Сахалин Р: Coil Tubing49) Океанография: Cold Tongue50) Макаров: cellulose triacetate, coal transport, continuous thread51) Безопасность: Cipher Text52) Расширение файла: Iris CT format 32bit Bitmap graphics53) Измерительные приборы: токовые клещи54) SAP.тех. таблица курсоров55) Карачаганак: (coil tubing) КГТ (колонная гибких труб) (Карачаганак, Rigless & WireLine)56) Маркетология: Consumer Technology57) Электротехника: center tap, charge transfer, clearance time58) Имена и фамилии: Charles Tyrwhitt59) Hi-Fi. Clock Time60) Должность: Computer Technology, Counter Terrorist61) Чат: Cool Topics62) NYSE. Capital Trust, Inc., of Maryland63) НАСА: Control Tower64) Международная торговля: Countertrade65) Базы данных: Class Type66) Международные перевозки: combined transport -
14 CT
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15 CT
1. cable tank - кабельная цистерна;2. cable test - проверка кабеля;3. cable tools - инструмент для ударно-канатного бурения;4. carrier telephone channel - телефонный канал на несущей частоте;5. carrier telephony - телефония на несущих частотах;6. Cassegrain telescope - телескоп системы Кассегрена, кассегреновский телескоп;7. cellulose triacetate - триацетат целлюлозы;8. central time - центральное поясное время;9. cipher telegraph - шифрованная телеграмма;10. circuit - схема; цепь; контур; канал; линия;11. coal transport - транспорт угля;12. coastal telegraph station - обозначение для береговых телеграфных станций (принятое МСЭ);13. code telegram - кодированная телеграмма;14. cold trap - холодная ловушка;15. collimating telescope - коллиматорный телескоп;16. combined acceptance trials - совмещённые приемные испытания;17. command transmitter - передатчик команд;18. communications technician - техник по средствам связи;19. communications terminal - оконечная станция связи;20. communications trench - ход сообщения;21. compact tension - компактное напряжение;22. computer tomography - компьютерная томография;23. condensing temperature - температура конденсации;24. continuous thread - непрерывная нить;25. control transformer - управляющий трансформатор;26. control transmitter - передатчик управляющих команд;27. cooling tower - градирня;28. correct time - точное время;29. correlation tracker - корреляционное устройство сопровождения;30. count - счёт, подсчёт; отсчёт; считать, подсчитывать; отсчитывать;31. counter - счётчик; пересчётное устройство;32. crosstalk - перекрёстные помехи;33. current transformer - трансформатор тока С.Т. cooling transformation diagram - диаграмма превращений при охлаждении -
16 CT
- шифротекст
- центральный отвод
- холодная ловушка (на АЭС)
- турбина внутреннего сгорания
- трансформатор тока
- транспорт угля
- тест на соответствие
- температура теплоносителя
- перенос заряда
- передача соединения
- общая (электрическая) ёмкость
- завершение подключения
- время отключения
время отключения
—
[Интент]
время отключения
-
[Лугинский Я. Н. и др. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике. 2-е издание - М.: РУССО, 1995 - 616 с.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
завершение подключения
оконечная точка соединения
(МСЭ-Т Х.606.1).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
общая (электрическая) ёмкость
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
передача соединения
Дополнительная услуга или возможность услуги, которая дает возможность обслуживаемому подвижному пользователю передать установленное входящее или выходящее соединение третьей стороне (МСЭ-R M.1224).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
перенос заряда
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
температура теплоносителя
(напр. ядерного реактора)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
тест на соответствие
Проверка на предмет соответствия реализации спецификациям и стандартам.
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/net/index.html]Тематики
EN
трансформатор тока
Трансформатор, в котором при нормальных условиях применения вторичный ток практически пропорционален первичному току и при правильном включении сдвинут относительно него по фазе на угол, близкий к нулю.
[ ГОСТ 18685-73]
трансформатор тока
Трансформатор, сигнал на выходе которого пропорционален входному току. [МЭС 321-02-01, измененный ]
Примечание
Катушка Роговского с интегрирующей цепью представляет собой широкополосный трансформатор тока.
[МЭК 60-2]EN
current transformer
an instrument transformer in which the secondary current, in normal conditions of use, is substantially proportional to the primary current and differs in phase from it by an angle which is approximately zero for an appropriate direction of the connections
[IEV number 321-02-01]FR
transformateur de courant
transformateur de mesure dans lequel le courant secondaire est, dans les conditions normales d'emploi, pratiquement proportionnel au courant primaire et déphasé par rapport à celui-ci d'un angle approximativement nul pour un sens approprié des connexions
[IEV number 321-02-01]... электромагнитные трансформаторы тока (далее — трансформаторы) на номинальное напряжение от 0,66 до 750 кВ включительно, предназначенные для передачи сигнала измерительной информации приборам измерения, защиты, автоматики, сигнализации и управления в электрических цепях переменного тока частотой 50 или 60 Гц.
[ ГОСТ 7746-2001]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Inductive current transformers (CT) step the operating currents and short-circuit currents down to values which are suitable for measuring instruments and protective devices connected.
[Siemens]Электромагнитные трансформаторы тока понижают значение рабочих токов и токов короткого замыкания до значений, приемлемых для измерительных приборов и устройств защиты.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
Классификация
>>>Обобщающие термины
Синонимы
- ТТ
EN
DE
FR
турбина внутреннего сгорания
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
холодная ловушка (на АЭС)
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[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
центральный отвод
центральное ответвление
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[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
шифротекст
ШТ
Данные, созданные с применением шифрования. Семантическое содержание результирующих данных не доступно. Шифротекст может тоже пройти процедуру шифрования, в результате чего будут созданы супершифрованные данные.
[http://www.rfcmd.ru/glossword/1.8/index.php?a=index&d=23]Тематики
Синонимы
- ШТ
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > CT
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17 haul
1. transitive verb1) (pull) ziehen; schleppen2) (transport) transportieren; befördern2. intransitive verb 3. noun1) Ziehen, das; Schleppen, das* * *[ho:l] 1. verb1) (to pull with great effort or difficulty: Horses are used to haul barges along canals.) ziehen2) (to carry by some form of transport: Coal is hauled by road and rail.) befördern2. noun1) (a strong pull: He gave the rope a haul.) kräftiger Zug2) (the amount of anything, especially fish, that is got at one time: The fishermen had a good haul; The thieves got away from the jeweller's with a good haul.) der Fang•- academic.ru/33857/haulage">haulage- haulier
- a long haul* * *I. nto give a \haul [kräftig] ziehento give sb a \haul up onto a/the wall jdn eine/die Mauer hochziehen [o hochwuchtenpoor \haul ein magerer Fang; of stolen goods magere Beutelong \haul Güterfernverkehr mshort \haul Nahtransport mlong-/short-\haul flight Kurzstrecken-/Langstreckenflug mit was a long \haul, but we are finished at last ( fig) es hat sich zwar lange hingezogen, aber jetzt sind wir endlich fertigII. vtto \haul sb before the court/a magistrate jdn vors Gericht/vor einen Richter [o sl den Kadi] schleppen2. (transport goods)▪ to \haul sth etw befördern [o transportieren3. (make tell)4.III. vi zerren, fest[e] [o kräftig] ziehento \haul on a rope/the reins an einem Seil/den Zügeln zerren* * *[hɔːl]1. n1)(= hauling)
a truck gave us a haul — ein Lastwagen schleppte uns ab or (out of mud etc) zog uns heraus2) (= journey) Strecke fit's a long haul to recovery — es ist ein weiter Weg bis zum Aufschwung
short/long/medium haul aircraft — Kurz-/Lang-/Mittelstreckenflugzeug nt
the project has been a long haul — das Projekt hat sich lang hingezogen
the long haul through the courts —
revitalizing the economy will be a long haul — es wird lange dauern, die Wirtschaft wieder anzukurbeln
over the long haul (esp US) — langfristig
3) (FISHING) (Fisch)fang m; (fig = booty from robbery) Beute f; (of cocaine etc) Fund m; (inf, of presents) Ausbeute f (inf)our haul on the last trawl was 500 kg of herring — bei unserer letzten Fahrt hatten wir eine Ausbeute von 500 kg Hering
drugs haul — Drogenfund m
2. vt1) (= pull) ziehen; heavy objects ziehen, schleppenhe hauled himself/Paul to his feet — er wuchtete sich/Paul wieder auf die Beine
See:→ coal2) (= transport) befördern, transportierento haul a boat into the wind — an den Wind segeln
3. vi (NAUT)den Kurs ändernthe yacht hauled into the wind — die Jacht segelte an den Wind
* * *haul [hɔːl]A s1. Ziehen n, Zerren n, Schleppen n2. kräftiger Zug:give the rope a haul kräftig an dem Seil ziehen3. (Fisch)Zug m4. fig Fischzug m, Fang m, Beute f:make a big haul einen guten Fang machen5. a) Beförderung f, Transport mb) Transportweg m, -strecke f:it was quite a haul home der Heimweg zog sich ganz schön hin;a long haul ein weiter Weg (a. fig);in the long haul fig zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt; auf lange Sichtc) Ladung f, Transport m:a haul of coal eine Ladung KohlenB v/t2. befördern, transportieren3. heraufholen, (mit einem Netz) fangen4. SCHIFFa) die Brassen anholenb) herumholen, besonders anluvena) SCHIFF an den Wind gehen,b) fig sich zurückziehenC v/ion, at an dat)2. mit dem Schleppnetz fischen3. umspringen (Wind)4. SCHIFFa) abdrehen, den Kurs ändernc) einen Kurs segelnd) fig seine Meinung ändern, es sich anders überlegen* * *1. transitive verb1) (pull) ziehen; schleppen2) (transport) transportieren; befördern2. intransitive verb 3. noun1) Ziehen, das; Schleppen, das* * *n.Fang ¨-e m. v.schleppen v.transportieren v.ziehen v.(§ p.,pp.: zog, ist/hat gezogen) -
18 Curr, John
[br]b. 1756 Kyo, near Lanchester, or in Greenside, near Ryton-on-Tyne, Durham, Englandd. 27 January 1823 Sheffield, England[br]English coal-mine manager and engineer, inventor of flanged, cast-iron plate rails.[br]The son of a "coal viewer", Curr was brought up in the West Durham colliery district. In 1777 he went to the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at Sheffield, where in 1880 he was appointed Superintendent. There coal was conveyed underground in baskets on sledges: Curr replaced the wicker sledges with wheeled corves, i.e. small four-wheeled wooden wagons, running on "rail-roads" with cast-iron rails and hauled from the coal-face to the shaft bottom by horses. The rails employed hitherto had usually consisted of plates of iron, the flange being on the wheels of the wagon. Curr's new design involved flanges on the rails which guided the vehicles, the wheels of which were unflanged and could run on any hard surface. He appears to have left no precise record of the date that he did this, and surviving records have been interpreted as implying various dates between 1776 and 1787. In 1787 John Buddle paid tribute to the efficiency of the rails of Curr's type, which were first used for surface transport by Joseph Butler in 1788 at his iron furnace at Wingerworth near Chesterfield: their use was then promoted widely by Benjamin Outram, and they were adopted in many other English mines. They proved serviceable until the advent of locomotives demanded different rails.In 1788 Curr also developed a system for drawing a full corve up a mine shaft while lowering an empty one, with guides to separate them. At the surface the corves were automatically emptied by tipplers. Four years later he was awarded a patent for using double ropes for lifting heavier loads. As the weight of the rope itself became a considerable problem with the increasing depth of the shafts, Curr invented the flat hemp rope, patented in 1798, which consisted of several small round ropes stitched together and lapped upon itself in winding. It acted as a counterbalance and led to a reduction in the time and cost of hoisting: at the beginning of a run the loaded rope began to coil upon a small diameter, gradually increasing, while the unloaded rope began to coil off a large diameter, gradually decreasing.Curr's book The Coal Viewer (1797) is the earliest-known engineering work on railway track and it also contains the most elaborate description of a Newcomen pumping engine, at the highest state of its development. He became an acknowledged expert on construction of Newcomen-type atmospheric engines, and in 1792 he established a foundry to make parts for railways and engines.Because of the poor financial results of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at the end of the century, Curr was dismissed in 1801 despite numerous inventions and improvements which he had introduced. After his dismissal, six more of his patents were concerned with rope-making: the one he gained in 1813 referred to the application of flat ropes to horse-gins and perpendicular drum-shafts of steam engines. Curr also introduced the use of inclined planes, where a descending train of full corves pulled up an empty one, and he was one of the pioneers employing fixed steam engines for hauling. He may have resided in France for some time before his death.[br]Bibliography1788. British patent no. 1,660 (guides in mine shafts).1789. An Account of tin Improved Method of Drawing Coals and Extracting Ores, etc., from Mines, Newcastle upon Tyne.1797. The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion; reprinted with five plates and an introduction by Charles E.Lee, 1970, London: Frank Cass, and New York: Augustus M.Kelley.1798. British patent no. 2,270 (flat hemp ropes).Further ReadingF.Bland, 1930–1, "John Curr, originator of iron tram roads", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 11:121–30.R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42:1–23 (includes corrections to Fred Bland's earlier paper).Charles E.Lee, 1970, introduction to John Curr, The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion, London: Frank Cass, pp. 1–4; orig. pub. 1797, Sheffield (contains the most comprehensive biographical information).R.Galloway, 1898, Annals of Coalmining, Vol. I, London; reprinted 1971, London (provides a detailed account of Curr's technological alterations).WK / PJGR -
19 Beaumont, Huntingdon
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. c.1560 Coleorton (?), Leicestershire, Englandd. 1624 Nottingham, England[br]English speculator in coal-mining, constructor of the first surface railway in Britain.[br]Huntingdon Beaumont was a younger son of a landed family whose estates included coal-mines at Coleorton and Bedworth. From these, no doubt, originated his great expertise in coal-mining and mine management. His subsequent story is a complex one of speculation in coal mines: agreements, partnerships, and debts, and, in trying to extricate himself from the last, attempts to improve profitability, and ever-greater enterprises. He leased mines in 1601 at Wollaton, near Nottingham, and in 1603 at Strelley, which adjoins Wollaton but is further from Nottingham, where lay the market for coal. To reduce the transport cost of Strelley coal, Beaumont laid a wooden wagonway for two miles or so to Wollaton Lane End, the point at which the coal was customarily sold. In earlier times wooden railways had probably been used in mines, following practice on the European continent, but Beaumont's was the first on the surface in Britain. The market for coal in Nottingham being limited, Beaumont, with partners, attempted to send coal to London by water, but the difficult navigation of the Trent at this period made the venture uneconomic. With a view still to supplying London, c.1605 they took leases of mines near Blyth, north of Newcastle upon Tyne. Here too Beaumont built wagonways, to convey coal to the coast, but despite considerable expenditure the mines could not be made economic and Beaumont returned to Strelley. Although he worked the mine night and day, he was unable to meet the demands of his creditors, who eventually had him imprisoned for debt. He died in gaol.[br]Further ReadingR.S.Smith, 1957, "Huntingdon Beaumont. Adventurer in coal mines", Renaissance \& Modern Studies 1; Smith, 1960, "England's first rails: a reconsideration", Renaissance\& Modern Studies 4, University of Nottingham (both are well-researched papers discussing Beaumont and his wagonways).PJGR -
20 Stephenson, George
[br]b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England[br]English engineer, "the father of railways".[br]George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.Bibliography1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).PJGR
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